Preparing



' (N0 Model.)

4 LT-REESE. PREPARING, INDURATING, AND SOLIDI F Y ING GALGAREOUS LINING MATERIALS FOR FURNACES.

No. 249,548.- Patented N0v. 1-5,18 8"1.

m.. I I

inorder to 1 UNITED S A PATEN OFFICE- Jae-B REESE, on PITTSBURG,PENNSYLVANIA.

PREPARING, lNDURAtING, AND SOLID IFYlNCt CAtQAREQUS name MATERIALS FOR FURNACES.

SPECIFICATIONforming part of Letters Patent Ito. 249,548, Application fiieauune 15, 1881. (No model.)

Toalt whom it may coa wera: t

Be it known that I, JACOB REEsE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Pittsburg, in the county of Allegheny and Stateof Pennsyl vania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Preparing, Induratin g, and

Solidifying Galcareous Lining Materials for Furnaces and I hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, 'andiexact description thereof, reference being. had to 'the accompanying Figure 1 indicates a front elevation of an "improved apparatus adapted to the use f y improvement.

Fig. 2 indicates tional elevation of thesame.

Like-letters of reference indicate like parts a central sec-f wherever they occur.

My invention consists in a new and useful process for] fusing, induratin g, and solidifying to about twenty-five per cent. (25%) of the com-' bined weight ofthelirneand magnesia contained calcareous or calcareous magnesian materials preparatory to their use as linings for Besseinetallurgical vessels or refining.

mer and other chambers. 1L i The objectofthe inventionis to fuse refractory basiclinin g materials andindurate, harden, and solidify them in a cheap and economical manner. t

Heretofore limestone, magnesian limestone, and dolomite have been generally regarded as practically infusible, and such is stated to be a fact in almost allworks upon chemistry and metallurgy. In experimenting upon this subject, however, I have found that these state ments, must have had reference to the purer qualities of materialswhen subjected to the heat of ordinary furnaces and when the ma terials were separated from the fuel employed prevent its fluxin g action upon them.

It is a well-known fact that silica, alamina, and oxide of iron exert a highly fluxing action upon lime, and an analysis in Rogerss Metallurgy of eigh ty-nine samples of limestone anddolomite shows that the average amount of fluxin g materials contained in the samples is equal in them, anditis evidentthatlimestone containin g such an average amount of fluxin g elements maybef used without any serious difficulty. The

ch iefgrounds,therefore, upon which statements 3 I of the infusible character of limestone and dolotemperature and then subjected to a blast, Irials I have recently made an applicationfor "a patent. My present dated November 15, 18 81.

mite must rest is,I. be1ieve, on the purity of the materials operated upon, their exclusion from the fuel, and theim perfect apparatus and :manner in which: such experiments were conducted,for thefact has been developed bymy experiments that ordinary limestoneor dolomi'tecan' be fused if chargedwithtwentpfive per cent. of its weight with coke into a cupola which has been previously raised to ahighstrong for which method of fusing these mateinvention, however, is

based on a somewhat different ground namely, the discovery that carbon has the same effect upon limestone, magnesia, dolomite, and magnesian limestone asit has upon iron. It iswell known that the fusion-point of iron is reduced in proportion to the amount of carbon con- .tainedin the metal. It is also well known that carbonaceous ores are more fusible than those which contain no carbon. N ow, in heating-limestone in the ordinary way the carbonic acid contained in it escapes before the material canl attain its point of fusion, and lime, an almost infusible substance, is produced.

; To secure the advantage of carbon as a. fusing agent Iheat the limestone under a sufficient pressure to prevent the elimination of its carbonic acid until it is fused. The material is then run into suitable molds or shapes ..to form the lining, ifused by heating it in a cupola with coke and or the limestonemay be by forcing a stream of hydrocarbon. or other carbonaceous vapor i utothecupolaand through thecalcareous material in such quantities as to produce an excess of carbon passing through the calcareous material, and by this means I keep the material saturated with carbon until fusion takes place.

Burnt lime may be fused also by mixing it with carbon or with tar, petroleum, asphaltum, or other carbonaceous matters until it forms a stiff mass. The mixture is then charged with coke into the furnace or cupola, which has been previously properly heated with coke and the air-blast, and is subjected to ahigh heat until fusion, takes place.

In the use of my improvement I first construct a cupola as shown in the drawings. A indicatesthe shell of the cupola, which is lined with limestone blocks and with a bottom of burnt lime mixed with petroleum or asphaltnm in the manner set forth in Letters Patent No. 219,519, granted to me on the 9th day of September, 1879. a indicates the .limestone lining. 1) indicates the bottom. 0 indicates the blast-pipe and blast-tuyeres. 01 indicates supplemental tuyereslocated between theblasttuycres and the bottom. These supplemental tuyeres are used for injecting carbonaceous vapors or fluids into the cupola as desired during the operations. 6 indicates the tappinghole, andf indicates a weighted valve, which closes the top of the cupola in order to retain a suffieient pressure therein to prevent the escape of the carbonic acid from the materials under treatment until their fusion takes place. g indicates a charging-door near the top of the cupola.

The operation is as follows: I first charge the cupola with coke until it is tilled up for about five or six feet, and then blow it with a brisk blast until it is thoroughly heated. I then charge the limestone, admixed with about one-fourth of coke, through the door 9. The door is then closed and fastened, and the valve at the top of the cupola is adjusted to retain about fivepounds (more or less) pressure to the square inch in the cupola. The blast is then blownbriskly until the limestonehas become fused, when the pressure is relieved and the calcareous material is tapped into a suitable mold or molds and the lining formed, or it may be cast into forms for tuyeres or brick, as may be desired.

A modification of the above may be practiced as follows: The cupola may be charged with coke, fired, and blown until highly heated. Limestone may then be charged with about one-fourth its weight of coke. The door is closed and the blast let on. In addition to the coke I force into the cupola with the air (or preferably below it) through pipes (1 (Z a stream of hydrocarbon or a carbonaceous vapor in such'quantity as to secure the saturation of the lime or calcareous material with carbon. This may be readily determined by the exit of the gas out of thecontractedthroat of the cupola. When the carbon is in excess the gas will burn with a vivid flame after its escape into-the air, and if thecarbon is not in sufficient quantity to saturate the calcareous material the gas will not burn on its escape. When the proper temperatureis secured in the presence of sufficient carbon in a vaporized condition to saturate the lime fusion takes p1ace,and the calcareous materialmay be tapped out and molded into any desirable form. The opening at the top of the cupola should be so contracted as to keep a constant pressure in the cupola of not less than half apound to the square inch below the pressure of the blast, (whatever that may be,) in order to prevent the rapid escape of the carbonaceous vapor which is used to saturate the calcareous material.

Instead of using the carbonaceous vapor or hydrocarbon-vapor in the base of the cupola, the limestone or lime may be mixed with tar, petroleum, or asphaltum, or other vehicle of carbon previous to charging the material into the cupola; but in this casethe carbon is more liable to escape than when it isi'orced in through the tuyeres during the entire opera- 'tion.

Having described my invention," what I claim, and desire to secure by Letterslaten't, 1s 1. The method herein described for prepar ing calcareous or magnesian materials'for-linlugs, which consists in charging the materialswith coke into a suitable cupola, and'thenheat ing the materials under a sufficient pressure to retain an excess of carbon in the gases of the cupola and to prevent the escape of the carbonic acid from the material until fusion takes place, and, finally, running the material into suitable linings or shapes.

f 2. The method herein described for preparing calcareous or magnesian materials for lin ings, which consists in charging the materials into a cupola, heating the same, and injecting sufficient carbonaceous vapor into the'cupola to prevent the escape of the carbonic acid from the material until fusion takes place, and, finally, running the melted material into suitable shapes for linings.

3. The method herein described for thepreparation of materials for calcareous linings, which consists in first mixinglime with carbon or a hydrocarbon, and then subjecting it to a high temperature in a cupola until fusion takes place, and, finally, ru-nningthe melted mixture into suitable shapes or forms for linings.

4. A cupola provided with an adjustable" weighted valve to retain any desired pressure of gases within its interior.

JACOB REESE.

Witnesses:

FRANK M. REEsE, VVAL'IER REEsE. 

